Modulatory effect of Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens on oxidative and sodium nitroprusside stress and inflammation

Therapy combination is known for less side effects and higher efficacy. Essential oils (EOs) and mixture from two well-known plants (Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens) were tested for in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The chemical analysis of the investigated Oils has lead to the identification of Eugenol (74.06%), Caryophyllene (11.52%) and Carvacrol acetate (7.82%) as the major element in S. aromaticum; while P. graveolens was much higher in Citronellol (30.77%), 10-epi--Eudesmol (22.59%), and Geraniol (13.95%). In our pharmacological screening, both EOs demonstrated good antioxidant effects; especially S. aromaticum activity was much higher. In contrast, the in vivo investigation of the antioxidant activity using antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) in the protozoa model (Tetrahemena pyriformis) demonstrated a higher protective effect of P. graveolens and EOs mixture. On the other hand, EOs demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect on the two phases of inflammation in the carrageenan induced edema model. Results from this study indicate that EOs from S. aromaticum and P. Graveolens can be used as a multitarget therapy.