Dielectric Nanomaterials for Power Energy Storage: Surface Modification and Characterization

Nanocomposites exhibit promising performance in the application of dielectric capacitors due to their excellent dielectric properties. However, nanoparticles are easy to aggregate and difficult to be compatible with polymer matrices, thus requiring surface modification of the nanoparticles with organic ligands. Surface modification has been proposed as a useful method for regulating the surface properties of nanoparticles over a long history. In this Review, we have outlined some modifiers and their characteristics, including the reactive mode of each modifier and modification effect, as well as its characteristic advantages and limitations. The modifiers selected in this Review contain different functional groups, and they have also been widely used in the surface modification of nanoparticles. We have also summarized the characterization methods for surface composition, the properties of modified nanoparticles, the interfacial structure, and the performance of nanocomposites. At the same time, we have conducted a preliminary exploration on the chemical compatibility between the polymer matrix and the terminal functional groups in the modifier molecules. We hope that this Review will provide assistance to researchers in the targeted selection of modifiers.