SYBR green-based real-time PCR detection of canine Babesia spp. in ixodid ticks infesting dogs in Kerala, South India

Ticks, being hematophagous ectoparasites, are notorious vectors that transmit an array of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and protozoa while simultaneously exhibiting a zoonotic potential by transmitting pathogens that affect the health of owners in contact. The distribution of ixodid ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis spp. in tropical climate of the state contributes to many serious tick-borne parasitic and rickettsial infections in domestic and wild canines. In south India, canine babesiosis is one of the most prevalent vector-borne parasitic diseases. Detection of parasites in tick vectors has significant epidemiological implications. The present study was designed to identify the presence of the most common vector-borne parasites of dogs in ixodid ticks using sensitive detection protocols. SYBR green-based real-time protocols detected Babesia vogeli in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, while B. gibsoni was detected in R. sanguineus (s.l.) and Haemaphysalis bispinosa. The present study points out the need to reinvestigate the vectorial capacity of ticks in different geographical regions.