Crystallization-induced emission of styrylbenzoxazole derivate with response to proton

A benzoxazole derivative called BVDA was synthesized. BVDA exhibited an AIE effect although there was H-aggregated dimer in the crystal. According to the spectral results and crystal structure, the presence of excimer and the restriction of intramolecular rotation are responsible for the AIE phenomenon. Moreover, BVDA could respond to proton in solution and to volatile acid vapours in film. BVDA exhibited three colours because its binding sites to proton have different basicities. These binding sites can then be protonated in turn. These results indicate that AIE fluorophores with H-aggregated dimer is possible. Furthermore, these fluorophores can exhibit stimuli-responsive characteristics through the introduction of functional moieties. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.