Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 9, Issue 30, Pages 17432-17439Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01405e
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Funding
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018T110730]
- Grain & Corn Engineering Technology Research Center, State Administration of Grain [GA2017007]
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A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and sesamol was successfully employed in the vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) of food toxicant Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-naphthalenol) in food samples for HPLC-UV analysis. Sesamol-based NADESs exhibited better Sudan I extraction abilities than other deep eutectic solvents and conventional organic solvents. H-1 NMR and 2D NOESY spectra were used to characterize the sesamol-based NADESs, indicating that hydrogen bonds were formed between ChCl and sesamol. The developed VALLME method showed a high extraction efficiency (near 100%) within 60 s at room temperature. Under the optimized extraction conditions, this established method showed good linearity (r(2) = 1.000) and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mg kg(-1). The recoveries were in the range of 93-118%, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 4.5%. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of Sudan I in various food samples, including chili oil, chili sauce, and duck egg yolk. This method gave a higher recovery than that of the EU recommended method when applied to sample analysis.
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