All-Climate Aqueous Dual-Ion Hybrid Battery with Ultrahigh Rate and Ultralong Life Performance

Aqueous sodium ion batteries (ASIBs) with the characteristics of long cycling life, all-climate compatibility, and low cost need to be developed urgently. Herein, a novel dual-ion battery baesd on Na+ and ClO4- electrochemistry is proposed, consisting of an nano/microstructured Ni(OH)(2) (NNH) cathode, a carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)(3) (NTP@C) anode, and 2 M NaClO4 aqueous (aq.) electrolyte. In a charging process, sodium ions are inserted into NaTi2(PO4)(3) to form Na3Ti2(PO4)(3), and ClO4- is stored in the electric double layers of the NNH cathode; in a reverse process, the Na+ is extracted from Na3Ti2(PO4)(3) to form NaTi2(PO4)(3), and the adsorption ClO4- is released into the electrolyte. Because of the mechanism of the dual-ion reaction, the aqueous sodium-ion-based dual-ion hybrid battery (ASDHB) displays excellent rate performance, with a capacity of 82.3 mA h g(anode)(-1) even at the ultrahigh rate of 50 C. Moreover, the ASDHB displays an ultralong cycling life at a wide temperature range (i.e., from -20 to 50 degrees C), even at a low temperature of -20 degrees C, the capacity retention is still as high as 85% after 10 000 cycles at the rate of 10 C. At the same time, it shows a high energy density of 40.1 Wh kg(total)(-1) and power density of 257.7 W kg(total)(-1), indicating the potential application on electrial energy storage.