Journal
QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 10, Pages 1483-1496Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1049732318821692
Keywords
diabetes; saturation; sample size; qualitative research; focus group discussions; methodology; qualitative; USA
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Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health [F32MH113288]
- National Institute of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R34 DK081723, T32 DK007298, T32 DK007734, P30 DK111024]
- Emory University Coalition of University-Community Partnerships
- American Diabetes Association
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Saturation is commonly used to determine sample sizes in qualitative research, yet there is little guidance on what influences saturation. We aimed to assess saturation and identify parameters to estimate sample sizes for focus group studies in advance of data collection. We used two approaches to assess saturation in data from 10 focus group discussions. Four focus groups were sufficient to identify a range of new issues (code saturation), but more groups were needed to fully understand these issues (meaning saturation). Group stratification influenced meaning saturation, whereby one focus group per stratum was needed to identify issues; two groups per stratum provided a more comprehensive understanding of issues, but more groups per stratum provided little additional benefit. We identify six parameters influencing saturation in focus group data: study purpose, type of codes, group stratification, number of groups per stratum, and type and degree of saturation.
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