Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 20, Issue -, Pages 139-145Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2018.11.026
Keywords
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope; Ionic liquids; Imidazolium; Graphite
Funding
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Structure and Dynamics of Materials Interfaces program [DE-AC02-05CH11231, FWP KC31SM]
- Harbin Institute of Technology through the Short-term Visiting Program
- Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation [30620160007]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51272051, 50872026]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) through Early Postdoctoral Mobility fellowship
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Understanding interactions at the interfaces of carbon with ionic liquids (ILs) is crucially beneficial for the diagnostics and performance improvement of electrochemical devices containing carbon as active materials or conductive additives in electrodes and ILs as solvents or additives in electrolytes. The interfacial interactions of three typical imidazolium-based ILs, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (AMImTFSI) ILs having ethyl (C-2), butyl (C-4) and octyl (C-8) chains in their cations, with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were studied in-situ by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). The etching of HOPG surface and the exfoliation of graphite/graphene flakes as well as cation intercalation were observed at the HOPG/C(2)MImTFSI interface. The etching also takes place in C(4)MImTFSI at -1.5 V vs Pt but only at step edges with a much slower rate, whereas C(8)MIm(+) cations adsorbs strongly on the HOPG surface under similar conditions with no observable etching or intercalation. The EC-STM observations can be explained by the increase in van der Waals interaction between the cations and the graphite surface with increasing length of alkyl chains.
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