Journal
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020010
Keywords
hepatic stellate cells; pancreatic stellate cells; Ito cells; retinoids; retinoic acid; tissue repair; organ regeneration; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2017-83907-P]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III-TERCEL network [RD12/0019-0022]
- Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia [PC0066-2017]
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Stellate cells, either hepatic (HSCs) or pancreatic (PSCs), are a type of interstitial cells characterized by their ability to store retinoids in lipid vesicles. In pathological conditions both HSCs and PSCs lose their retinoid content and transform into fibroblast-like cells, contributing to the fibrogenic response. HSCs also participate in other functions including vasoregulation, drug detoxification, immunotolerance, and maintenance of the hepatocyte population. PSCs maintain pancreatic tissue architecture and regulate pancreatic exocrine function. Recently, PSCs have attracted the attention of researchers due to their interactions with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. PSCs promote tumour growth and angiogenesis, and their fibrotic activity increases the resistance of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy and radiation. We are reviewing the current literature concerning the role played by retinoids in the physiology and pathophysiology of the stellate cells, paying attention to their developmental aspects as well as the function of stellate cells in tissue repair and organ regeneration.
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