Journal
TOXICS
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020027
Keywords
accelerator mass spectrometry; cavity ring down spectrophotometry; radiocarbon; naphthalene; benzo[a]pyrene; cell turnover; triclocarban; metastasis; DNA adducts; biomarkers
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Center Support Grant from the NCI [P30CA093373]
- NIH/NCI K12 award [K12 CA 138464]
- CTSC Pilot Program/NIH award [ULT1TR001860]
- UC Davis Academic Senate grant [FJ161B1]
- UC Davis School of Medicine Dean
- American Cancer Society [IRG-95-125-16]
- LLNL [LDRD 08-LW-100]
- Knapp Family Fund [1R01CA176803-01]
- VA Merit [1I01 BX003840]
- SBIR [HHSN261201000133C, HHSN261201200048C]
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This review summarizes recent developments in radiocarbon tracer technology and applications. Technologies covered include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), including conversion of samples to graphite, and rapid combustion to carbon dioxide to enable direct liquid sample analysis, coupling to HPLC for real-time AMS analysis, and combined molecular mass spectrometry and AMS for analyte identification and quantitation. Laser-based alternatives, such as cavity ring down spectrometry, are emerging to enable lower cost, higher throughput measurements of biological samples. Applications covered include radiocarbon dating, use of environmental atomic bomb pulse radiocarbon content for cell and protein age determination and turnover studies, and carbon source identification. Low dose toxicology applications reviewed include studies of naphthalene-DNA adduct formation, benzo[a]pyrene pharmacokinetics in humans, and triclocarban exposure and risk assessment. Cancer-related studies covered include the use of radiocarbon-labeled cells for better defining mechanisms of metastasis and the use of drug-DNA adducts as predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy.
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