Journal
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00459
Keywords
oxygen minimum zones; dissolved inorganic carbon; El Nino 2015-2016; oxycline; eastern tropical North Pacific
Funding
- project Influencia de remolinos de mesoescala sobre habitats de larvas de peces (con enfasis en especies de importancia comercial) en la zona de minimo de oxigeno del oceano Pacifico frente a Mexico: Oceano abierto y efecto de islas [2014-236864]
- project SEP - CONACyT Un estudio de la Corriente Costera Mexicana y el Pacifico adyacente, con un 'SeaGlider,' cruceros oceanograficos y datos de satelite [2011-168034-T]
- project CONACyT Fronteras de la Ciencia 180 Probando paradigmas sobre la expansion de la zona de minimo de oxigeno: reduccion del habitat vertical del zooplancton y su efecto en el ecosistema pelagico mediante metodos autonomos
- CONACyT, Mexico [412049]
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As a result of anthropogenic activities, it has been predicted that the ocean will be challenged with rising temperature, increased stratification, ocean acidification, stronger more frequent tropical storms, and oxygen depletion. In the tropical Pacific off central Mexico all these phenomena are already occurring naturally, providing a laboratory from which to explore ocean biogeochemical dynamics that are predicted under future anthropogenic forcing conditions. Here, seasonally anomalous surface tropical waters were detected as a result of the developing Godzilla El Nino 2015-2016. The incursion of this oxygenated water modified the local structure of an intense and shallow oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), partially eroding and intensifying the oxycline while having an associated impact on the carbon maximum zone. The core of the OMZ (<4.4 mu mol kg(-1)) was centered around 474 m, with a variant upper level between 50 and 360 m depth. Below the dominance of Tropical Surface Waters, the thickness of the oxycline varied between 10 and 325 m, with intensity values up to 11 mu mol kg(-1) m(-1). The change in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and apparent oxygen utilization yielded a molar ratio of delta DIC = 0.98 x delta AOU during June 2015 and of delta DIC = 1.08 x delta AOU for March 2016. A further decrease in the average content of DIC was observed in the carbon maximum zone for 2016. Traditionally, different explanations have been proposed to account for changing oxygen concentrations in the ocean rather than considering the interactions between multiple forcing factors. Our results highlight the significance of an episodic event like El Nino in the distribution and concentration of O-2 and DIC and as a plausible mechanism of ventilation and increased oxygen availability in the upper OMZ of the tropical Pacific off central Mexico.
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