Journal
SOFT MATTER
Volume 15, Issue 28, Pages 5548-5553Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00895k
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Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [11872199]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51772245]
- China Scholarship Council [201706290144]
- Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University [CX201704]
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Electric charges are often found in naturally or artificially formed droplets, such as raindrops and those generated by Kelvin's water dropper. In contrast to the impact of neutral droplets on a flat solid surface upon which a thin convex lens shape layer of the gas film is typically formed, we show that the delicate gas thin film can be fundamentally altered for even weakly charged droplets. As the charge level is raised above a critical level of similar to 1% of the Rayleigh limit for representative impact conditions, the Maxwell stress overcomes the gas pressure buildup to deform the droplet bottom surface. A conical liquid tip forms and pierces through the gas film, leading to a circular contact line moving outwards that does not trap any gas. The critical charge level only depends on the capillary number based on the gas viscosity. This finding applies to common liquids and molten alloy droplets, providing new insights into a range of applications such as mitigating pinhole defects in additive manufacturing.
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