Renal Collectrin Protects against Salt-Sensitive Hypertension and Is Downregulated by Angiotensin II

Collectrin, encoded by the Tmem27 gene, is a transmembrane glycoprotein with approximately 50% homology with angiotensin converting enzyme 2, but without a catalytic domain. Collectrin is most abundantly expressed in the kidney proximal tubule and collecting duct epithelia, where it has an important role in amino acid transport. Collectrin is also expressed in endothelial cells throughout the vasculature, where it regulates L-arginine uptake. We previously reported that global deletion of collectrin leads to endothelial dysfunction, augmented salt sensitivity, and hypertension. Here, we performed kidney crosstransplants between wild-type (WT) and collectrin knockout (Tmem27(Y/-)) mice to delineate the specific contribution of renal versus extrarenal collectrin on BP regulation and salt sensitivity. On a high-salt diet, WT mice with Tmem27(Y/-) kidneys had the highest systolic BP and were the only group to exhibit glomerular mesangial hypercellularity. Additional studies showed that, on a high-salt diet, Tmem27(Y/-) mice had lower renal blood flow, higher abundance of renal sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3, and lower lithium clearance than WT mice. In WT mice, administration of angiotensin II for 2 weeks downregulated collectrin expression in a type 1 angiotensin II receptor-dependent manner. This downregulation coincided with the onset of hypertension, such that WT and Tmem27(Y/-) mice had similar levels of hypertension after 2 weeks of angiotensin II administration. Altogether, these data suggest that salt sensitivity is determined by intra-renal collectrin, and increasing the abundance or activity of collectrin may have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of hypertension and salt sensitivity.