Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
Volume 65, Issue 10, Pages 2128-2133Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14997
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; dementia; prevention; lifestyle; risk reduction; precision medicine; N-of-1 trials
Categories
Funding
- Pfizer
- Lilly
- Axovant
- Quintiles
- Biogen
- Janssen
- NIH [R01 AG0402-11-A1, U01 NS100610, R01 NS088040-01]
- Florida Department of Health
- Harry T. Mangurian Foundation
- Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 5 million Americans, with substantial consequences for individuals with AD, families, and society in terms of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. With disease-modifying treatment trials unsuccessful at the present time and only medications to treat symptoms available, an emerging approach is prevention. Advances in diagnostic criteria, biomarker development, and greater understanding of the biophysiological basis of AD make these initiatives feasible. Ongoing pharmacological trials using anti-amyloid therapies are underway in sporadic and genetic forms of AD, although a large number of modifiable risk factors for AD have been identified in observational studies, many of which do not appear to exert effects through amyloid or tau. This suggests that prevention studies focusing on risk reduction and lifestyle modification may offer additional benefits. Rather than relying solely on large-sample, long-duration, randomized clinical trial designs, a precision medicine approach using N-of-1 trials may provide more-rapid information on whether personalized prevention plans can improve person-centered outcomes. Because there appear to be multiple pathways to developing AD, there may also be multiple ways to prevent or delay the onset of AD. Even if these precision approaches alone are not successful in preventing AD, they may greatly improve the likelihood of amyloid-or tau-specific therapies to reach their endpoints by reducing comorbidities. Keeping this in mind, dementia may be a disorder that develops over a lifetime, with individualized ways to build a better brain as we age.
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