Journal
BIOLOGY-BASEL
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biology8020041
Keywords
circadian; rhythm; clock; Eubacteria; entrainment; microbiome; temporal mutualism; holobiont
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Funding
- Volkswagen Foundation (Origins of Life)
- German Science Foundation (DFG)
- Friederich-Bauer Stiftung of LMU Munich
- WiFoMed of LMU Munich
- Center for Advanced Studies of LMU Munich
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF137]
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Leverhulme Trust
- Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation
- Bristol Centre for Agricultural Innovation
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Circadian clocks in plants, animals, fungi, and in photosynthetic bacteria have been well-described. Observations of circadian rhythms in non-photosynthetic Eubacteria have been sporadic, and the molecular basis for these potential rhythms remains unclear. Here, we present the published experimental and bioinformatical evidence for circadian rhythms in these non-photosynthetic Eubacteria. From this, we suggest that the timekeeping functions of these organisms will be best observed and studied in their appropriate complex environments. Given the rich temporal changes that exist in these environments, it is proposed that microorganisms both adapt to and contribute to these daily dynamics through the process of temporal mutualism. Understanding the timekeeping and temporal interactions within these systems will enable a deeper understanding of circadian clocks and temporal programs and provide valuable insights for medicine and agriculture.
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