Photonic Crystal Circular Defect (CirD) Laser

We describe the design of photonic crystal circular defect (CirD) lasers to construct a compact optical module with a wavelength division multiplexing function for the application of inter-chip or intra-chip optical interconnects. Subsequently, we investigated the characteristics of CirD lasers including the quality factor of the cavity, the lasing threshold, and the modulation speed with a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method and two-dimensional rate equations. Finally, we demonstrated the single mode lasing and wavelength tuning behaviors of the CirD lasers using optical pumping technology under room-temperature continuous-wave conditions.