Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of lead-free Ga-modified 0.65BiFeO3-0.35BaTiO3 ceramics by water quenching process

Binary solid solution of gallium (Ga3+)-modified 0.65Bi(1.05)FeO(3)-0.35BaTiO(3) (BFGO-BTO with 0-2 mol% Ga3+ content) ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method, followed by water quenching process. The effects of Ga3+ modifications on the crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the BFO-BTO ceramics were studied. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a single perovskite phase without any secondary phases. Improvements of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were obtained at the optimum composition of BFGO-BTO system. Meanwhile, BFGO-BTO ceramics had a high static piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)) of 128 pC/N at 1.5 mol% Ga3+-content with relatively high operating temperature compared to other lead-free bismuth (Bi)-based systems.