EXTRACTION OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WATER SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL ADSORBENTS

When solving the problem of wastewater treatment till the required parameters, adsorption methods have no analogs, which allow purifying sewage from oil products to any required level without introducing secondary pollution. Here has been studied the possibility of using natural and modified alumosilicates for extraction of oil and petroleum products from sewage of oil refineries to the norms of discharge of fishery reservoirs. Alumosilicates of the Transbaikal deposit were used as the object of the study. In order to improve the adsorption characteristics of natural alumosilicates, they were subjected to microwave activation and modification by HCl. The adsorption value of petroleum products was 8.9 mg/g for natural adsorbents; 15.10 mg/g-for alumosilicates activated by microwave; 19.30 mg/g - for alumosilicates modified by HCl. Adsorption of petroleum products is described by Langmuir and BET models. The main adsorption parameters of these models are determined. The values of correlation coefficients indicate that the adsorption of petroleum products by natural adsorbents and alumosilicates, activated by microwave, best describes the model of adsorption of BET. For alumosilicates modified HCl best true equation Langmuir. It is established that the activation and modification of natural alumosilicates allows to improve the adsorption capacity and causes a reduction in time of the completeness of the saturation of the adsorbents, as evidenced by a decrease in the standardized Gibbs energy is the determining factor when increasing the rate of cleaning. In the paper, it is assumed that microwave radiation heats water in the sorbent, and this leads to an increase in its partial pressure in the pores, there is an excess pressure, which leads to an increase in the pore size, and, consequently, to an increase in the adsorption capacity. In the case of modification of HCl, the increase in the adsorption capacity is due to changes in the textural characteristics of the adsorbent, an increase in the specific surface area and the specific pore volume. Activation and modification of natural alumosilicates made it possible to increase the purification efficiency from 86.8 to 97.3 % and to reduce the residual concentration from 0.29 to 0.059 mg/dm(3).