Journal
PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
DOI: 10.1057/s41599-019-0298-6
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Funding
- Frankfurt School of Finance and Management
- University of Eastern Finland
- African Centre for Technology Studies
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), through the Green Talents Fellowship
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To be effective and secure participation, a global climate change agreement needs to be perceived as fair by the countries involved in it. The Paris Agreement approached differentiation of countries' responsibilities to address climate change by departing from the rigid distinction between industrialised and developing countries through the inclusion of 'subtle differentiation' of specific subsets of countries (e.g., Least Developed Countries) for certain substantive issues (e.g., climate finance) and/or for specific procedures (e.g., time-lines and reporting). In this article, we analyse whether the self-differentiation countries followed when formulating their own climate plans, or nationally determined contributions (NDCs), is consistent with the Paris Agreement's subtle differentiation. We find that there is consistency for mitigation and adaptation, but not for support (climate finance, technology transfer and capacity building). As NDCs are the main instrument for achieving the Paris Agreement's long-term goals, this inconsistency needs to be addressed to allow subsequent rounds of NDCs to be more ambitious.
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