Journal
ISCIENCE
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages 277-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.036
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Funding
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences within the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science [DE-SC0016567]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016567] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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Bacteria use flagella, the protein nanofibers on their surface, as a molecular machine to swim. Flagella are polymerized from monomers, flagellins, which can display a peptide by genetic means. However, flagella as genetically modifiable nanofibers have not been used in building bone extracellular matrix-like structures for inducing stem cell differentiation in non-osteogenic medium. Here we discovered that interactions between Ca2+ ions and flagella (displaying a collagen-like peptide (GPP)(8) on every flagellin) resulted in ordered bundle-like structures, which were further mineralized with hydroxyapatite to form ordered fibrous matrix. The resultant matrix significantly induced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, much more efficiently than wild-type flagella and type I collagen. This work shows that flagella can be used as protein building blocks in generating biomimetic materials.
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