Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ee01485c
Keywords
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Funding
- Excellence Initiative by the German federal and state governments [EXC236, EXC 2186]
- Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Bundesministerium fur Ernahrung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)) [22403415]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- state of North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, under the operational program 'Regional Competitiveness and Employment' Project 'Sustainable Chemical Synthesis'
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3-Hydroxy decanoic acid (3-HDA), derivable from glucose or xylose waste-streams, was successfully upgraded electrochemically into a drop-in oxygenate with promising fuel characteristics. Properties such as a cetane number of 63 together with a suitable flash point and cold filter plugging point qualify the mixture for high blending ratios with fossil diesel or Fischer-Tropsch diesel. The individual C-9 oxygenates are otherwise only accessible by hydroformylation. Under optimised conditions, anodic decarboxylation of 3-HDA allowed near full conversion and over 95% total yield after 30 minutes. Further, direct electrochemical 3-HDA conversion of a fermentation broth was demonstrated. This allows for a substantial reduction of unit operations and energy requirements, highlighting the potential of integrating electrochemistry and biotechnology into future bio-refineries.
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