Journal
ENERGYCHEM
Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014
Keywords
Sustainable hydrogen; Solar fuels; Large-scale; Hydrogen production; Water splitting
Categories
Funding
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [RG116/16]
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program through the Cambridge Center for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES) Cambridge Center for Carbon Reduction in Che
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program through CARES
- Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS) eCO2P program
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (SUG (MAR))
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Solar hydrogen production from water is a sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production route using fossil fuels. However, there is still no existing large-scale solar hydrogen production system to compete with its counterpart. In this Review, recent developments of four potentially cost-effective pathways towards large-scale solar hydrogen production, viz. photocatalytic, photobiological, solar thermal and photoelectrochemical routes, are discussed, respectively. The limiting factors including efficiency, scalability and durability for scale-up are assessed along with the field performance of the selected systems. Some benchmark studies are highlighted, mostly addressing one or two of the limiting factors, as well as a few recent examples demonstrating upscaled solar hydrogen production systems and emerging trends towards large-scale hydrogen production. A techno-economic analysis provides a critical comparison of the levelized cost of hydrogen output via each of the four solar-to-hydrogen conversion pathways.
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