Journal
DNA REPAIR
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages 36-42Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.09.016
Keywords
UV damage; RNA Pol II stalling; Deubiquitylation; Chromatin remodeling
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES002614, ES004106]
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DNA in human cells is constantly assaulted by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. It is vital for the cell to respond rapidly and precisely to DNA damage to maintain genome integrity and reduce the risk of mutagenesis. Sophisticated reactions occur in chromatin surrounding the damaged site leading to the activation of DNA damage response (DDR), including transcription reprogramming, cell cycle checkpoint, and DNA repair. Histone proteins around the DNA damage play essential roles in DDR, through extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) by a variety of modifying enzymes. One PTM on histones, mono-ubiquitylation, has emerged as a key player in cellular response to DNA damage. In this review, we will (1) briefly summarize the history of histone H2A and H2B ubiquitylation (H2Aub and H2Bub, respectively), (2) discuss their roles in transcription, and (3) their functions in DDR. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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