Journal
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
Volume 35, Issue 1, Pages 227-232Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002408
Keywords
nutrition; endurance training; exercise training
Categories
Funding
- University of Mississippi (UM) Athletic Association
- UM Center for Health and Sport Performance
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The majority of collegiate cross-country runners did not meet the recommended daily energy, calcium, and vitamin D intake. Higher incidences of lumbar spine BMD were found in male and female runners with lower calcium and vitamin D intakes below minimum requirements, as well as in women with caloric intake below the required level. Some runners were identified as having osteopenia and osteoporosis, indicating a need for future longitudinal studies.
The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with increased stress fractures in collegiate cross-country runners. Subjects in this study were 42 male and female cross-country runners at a Division I university. Each athlete completed a questionnaire regarding smoking status, vitamin/mineral intake, previous stress fracture history, birth control usage, menstrual status, and demographic information. Nutritional assessment using a 3-day food record and measurements of whole body, lumbar spine, and hip bone mineral densities (BMDs) were also conducted on each athlete. Results indicated that 40% of the female and 35% of the male runners reported a history of stress fracture, and that all of them did not meet the recommended daily energy intake or adequate intakes for calcium or vitamin D required for their amount of training. Two-tailed t-test found statistically higher incidences of lumbar spine BMD in male and female runners whose daily calcium and vitamin D intakes were below minimum requirements as well as for women whose caloric intake was below the required level. When data on the lumbar spine was evaluated, 31% of subjects (31.8% of the male and 30% of the female runners) were identified as having osteopenia and 4.8% with osteoporosis. Results warrant a need for future longitudinal studies.
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