Journal
ANALYST
Volume 144, Issue 17, Pages 5299-5307Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9an01085h
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Funding
- Irish Research Council [GOIPG/2016/805]
- UCD
- Irish Research Council (IRC) [GOIPG/2016/805] Funding Source: Irish Research Council (IRC)
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Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors are the subject of research due to their potential for in vivo monitoring of glutamate, which is a key neurotransmitter whose concentration is related to healthy brain function. This study reports the use of biocompatible oxidised carbon nanohorns (o-CNH) with a high surface area, to enhance the immobilization of glutamate oxidase (GluOx) for improved biosensor performance. Two families of biosensors were designed to interact with the anionic GluOx. Family-1 consists of covalently functionalised o-CNH possessing hydrazide (HYZ) and amine (PEG-NH2) terminated surfaces and Family-2 comprised non-covalently functionalised o-CNH with different loadings of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to form a cationic hybrid. Amperometric detection of H2O2 formed by enzymatic oxidation of glutamate revealed a good performance from all designs with the most improved performance by the PEI hybrid systems. The best response was from a o-CNH : PEI ratio of 1 : 10 mg mL(-1), which yielded a glutamate calibration plateau, J(MAX), of 55 +/- 9 mu A cm(-2) and sensitivity of 111 +/- 34 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2). The low K-M of 0.31 +/- 0.05 mM indicated the retention of the enzyme function, and a limit of detection of 0.02 +/- 0.004 mu M and a response time of 0.88 +/- 0.13 s was determined. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity of these biosensors and their potential for future use for the detection of glutamate in vivo.
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