TiO2@SnO2@TiO2 triple-shell nanotube anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

TiO2@SnO2@TiO2 triple-shell nanotubes are fabricated using electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber template and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The triple-shell nanotubes have a uniform diameter of similar to 200 nm, and the thickness of each shell is similar to 10 nm. The triple-shell nanotube electrode exhibits high reversible capacity of 550 mA g(-1) after 60 cycles at the current density of 50 mA g(-1), stable cyclability, and high-rate performance (296 mA g(-1) at high current density of 5 A g(-1)) as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The excellent electrochemical properties are attributed to the structural robustness of the triple-shell nanotubes against pulverization.