Journal
WORLD DEVELOPMENT
Volume 122, Issue -, Pages 660-674Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.025
Keywords
Natural resources; Artisanal mining; Industrial mining; Conflict; Africa; Democratic Republic of Congo
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Funding
- Research Foundation Flanders [11Q2816N, 1517614N]
- Research Foundation Flanders (EOS Project) [30784531]
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Existing research suggests a strong link between mining and local conflict but makes no distinction between artisanal and industrial mining. We exploit variation in mineral prices and the granting of industrial mining concessions to investigate how the mode of extraction affects conflict in Eastern Congo. Rising mineral prices increase battles over artisanal mines, indicating competition between armed groups. This effect is much less pronounced for industrial mining. Moreover, the expansion of industrial mining decreases battles, suggesting that companies can secure their concessions. Such expansion does, however, trigger riots, and, when it crowds out artisanal mining, also increases violence against civilians and looting. In line with case-study evidence, these negative effects only materialize when industrial mining companies expand their activities from the research to the production phase. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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