Journal
AUSTRAL ENTOMOLOGY
Volume 58, Issue 3, Pages 666-674Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/aen.12383
Keywords
EPG technique; feeding; MRCV; resistance
Categories
Funding
- Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)
- Consejo de Investigacion de la Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT) [PICT 2015-2349]
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Delphacodes kuscheli is the most important natural vector of Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV) in Argentina, a Fijivirus (Reoviridae) that causes important economic losses on maize production. Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour by D. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non-penetration or non-probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4-a (sieve element salivation); N4-b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize, D. kuscheli exhibited longer periods of non-probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4-a and N4-b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. The constrained behaviour of D. kuscheli on maize suggests that plant resistance factors may be involved.
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