Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 372, Issue -, Pages 107-115Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.021
Keywords
Li-ion batteries; Concentration gradient; Titanium; Crystalline stability; Elemental substitution; Oxygen loss
Funding
- Technology Innovation Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy of Korea [10041094]
- POSCO ES Materials Co., Ltd.
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [10041094] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The design of Li-ion batteries with high energy storage capacities and efficiencies is a subject of increased research interest, being of key importance for their large-scale applications and further commercialization. However, conventional Li-ion batteries are expensive and have stability-related concerns, which limit their practical applications. In our search for cheaper and safer Li-ion batteries, we use a concentration gradient method to prepare LiNi0.9Co0.1-xTixO2 (0.02 <= x <= 0.05) cathode materials surface-enriched with Co and Ti that exhibit decreased oxygen loss and improved structural stability. The corresponding crystal structures and morphologies are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, with the Ni, Co, and Ti concentration distributions determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The material with the best performance (x = 0.04) exhibits a discharge capacity of 214 mAh g(-1) in a charge/discharge voltage range of 3.0-4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+), and possesses an excellent 50-cycle capacity retention of 98.7%. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that partial substitution of Ni with the strongly oxophilic Ti solves the problem of oxygen loss observed in Ni-rich cathode materials such as LiNiO2.
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