Journal
JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH
Volume 130, Issue 3, Pages 423-431Publisher
SPRINGER JAPAN KK
DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0908-6
Keywords
Closterium; Chlamydomonas; Sexual reproduction; Sex determination
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [24370038, 25304012, 26650147, 15H05237, 16H04836]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [24112713]
- MEXT KAKENHI [221S0002]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H05237, 26650147, 16H04836, 24112713] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The sexual reproductive processes of some representative freshwater green algae are reviewed. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular volvocine alga having two mating types: mating type plus (mt(+)) and mating type minus (mt(-)), which are controlled by a single, complex mating-type locus. Sexual adhesion between the gametes is mediated by sex-specific agglutinin molecules on their flagellar membranes. Cell fusion is initiated by an adhesive interaction between the mt(+) and mt(-) mating structures, followed by localized membrane fusion. The loci of sex-limited genes and the conformation of sex-determining regions have been rearranged during the evolution of volvocine algae; however, the essential function of the sex-determining genes of the isogamous unicellular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is conserved in the multicellular oogamous Volvox carteri. The sexual reproduction of the unicellular charophycean alga, Closterium peracerosum-strigosum- littorale complex, is also focused on here. The sexual reproductive processes of heterothallic strains are controlled by two multifunctional sex pheromones, PR-IP and PR-IP Inducer, which independently promote multiple steps in conjugation at the appropriate times through different induction mechanisms. The molecules involved in sexual reproduction and sex determination have also been characterized.
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