Intracellular calcium release channels: an update

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are calcium (Ca2+) release channelsonthe endo/ sarcoplasmic reticulum(ER/SR). Herewesummarize the latest advances in the field, describing the recently discovered mechanistic roles of intracellular Ca2+ release channels in the regulation ofmitochondrial fitness and endothelial function, providing novel therapeutic options for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.