Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 938-952Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1655594
Keywords
Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA-) hyperthermia; superficial hyperthermia; invasive temperature measurement; heat treatment of thermosensitive pathogens; hyperthermia of superficial tumors
Funding
- Dr. med. h.c. Erwin Braun Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
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Purpose: The temporal and spatial formation of the temperature field and its changes during/upon water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA)-irradiation in porcine skin and subcutis were investigated in vivo in order to get a detailed physical basis for thermotherapy of superficial tumors and infections caused by thermosensitive microbial pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium ulcerans causing Buruli ulcer). Methods: Local wIRA-hyperthermia was performed in 11 anesthetized piglets using 85.0 mW cm(-2), 103.2 mW cm(-2) and 126.5 mW cm(-2), respectively. Invasive temperature measurements were carried out simultaneously in 1-min intervals using eight fiber-optical probes at different tissue depths between 2 and 20 mm, and by an IR thermometer at the skin surface. Results: Tissue temperature distribution depended on incident irradiance, exposure time, tissue depths and individual 'physiologies' of the animals. Temperature maxima were found at depths between 4 and 7 mm, exceeding skin surface temperatures by about 1-2 K. Tissue temperatures above 37 degrees C, necessary to eradicate M. ulcerans at depths <20 mm, were reached reliably. Conclusions: wIRA-hyperthermia may be considered as a novel therapeutic option for treatment of local skin infections caused by thermosensitive pathogens (e.g., in Buruli ulcer). To ensure temperatures required for heat treatment of superficial tumors deeper than 4 mm, the incident irradiance needed can be controlled either by (a) invasive temperature measurements or (b) control of skin surface temperature and considering possible temperature increases up to 1-2 K in underlying tissue.
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