Bright Photon Upconversion on Composite Organic Lanthanide Molecules through Localized Thermal Radiation

Converting low-energy photons via thermal radiation can be a potential approach for utilizing infrared (IR) photons to improve photovoltaic efficiency. Lanthanide-containing materials have achieved great progress in IR-to-visible photon upconversion (UC). Herein, we first report bright photon, tunable wavelength UC through localized thermal radiation at the molecular scale with low excitation power density (<10 W/cm(2)) realized on lanthanide complexes of perfluorinated organic ligands. This is enabled by engineering the pathways of nonradiative de excitation and energy transfer in a composite of ytterbium and terbium perfluoroimidodi-phosphinates. The 1R-excited thermal UC and wavelength control is realized through the terbium activators sensitized by the ytterbium sensitizers having high luminescence efficiency. The metallic molecular composite thus can be a potential energy material in the use of the IR solar spectrum for thermal photovoltaic applications.