Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 6655-6663Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.9b01175
Keywords
ionic liquid electrolytes; lithium metal batteries; separator; dendrites; lithium iron phosphate
Funding
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Research of Deakin University through the Battery Technology Research and Innovation Hub (BatTRI-Hub)
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Long-term cycling studies of high capacity Li-metalllithium iron phosphate (LFP, 3.5 mAh/cm(2)) cells were carried out using two highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs). Cells incorporating N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C(3)mpyrFSI) or triethylmethyl-phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P1222FSI), with 50 mol % lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) electrolytes were shown to operate for over 180 cycles at 50 degrees C at a rate of C/2 (1.75 mA/cm(2)). The choice of separator was identified as a critical factor to enable high areal capacity cycling, with the occurrence of cell failure through a short-circuiting mechanism being particularly sensitive to separator characteristics. Several commercial separators were characterized and tested, and their performance was related to membrane properties such as the MacMullin number, pore size, and contact angle. Celgard 3000 series separators were found to support long-term cycling due to their combination of desirable nanoporosity and wettability. The most compatible cell components were assembled into a pouch cell to further demonstrate the feasibility of ILE incorporation into high-capacity lithium metal batteries for commercial purposes.
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