Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 121, Issue 12, Pages 6924-6929Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01019
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Funding
- Tekes
- Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation
- DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for a Heisenberg research fellowship [SCHA 1009/10-1]
- European Union [CM1403]
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The mechanism for red upconversion luminescence of Yb-Er codoped materials is not generally agreed on in the literature. Both two-photon and three-photon processes have been suggested as the main path for red upconversion emission. We have studied beta-NaYF4:Yb-3,Er3+ nanoparticles in H2O and D2O, and we propose that the nanoparticle environment is a major factor in the selection of the preferred red upconversion excitation pathway. In H2O, efficient multiphonon relaxation (MPR) promotes the two-photon mechanism through green emitting states, while, in D2O, MPR is less effective and the three-photon path involving back energy transfer to Yb3+ is the dominant mechanism. For the green upconversion emission, our results suggest the common two-photon path through the F-4(9/2) energy state in both H2O and D2O.
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