4.7 Review

Electron bifurcation: progress and grand challenges

Journal

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 55, Issue 79, Pages 11823-11832

Publisher

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05611d

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Biological and Electron Transfer and Catalysis (BETCy) EFRC, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-SC0012518]
  2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DEAC36-08GO28308]
  3. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences

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Electron bifurcation moves electrons from a two-electron donor to reduce two spatially separated one-electron acceptors. If one of the electrons reduces a high-potential (lower energy) acceptor, then the other electron may proceed uphill to reduce a low-potential (higher energy) acceptor. This mechanism is now considered the third mode of energy transduction in biology, and offers promise for the development of novel bioinspired energy conversion strategies. Nature uses electron bifurcation to realize highly sought-after reactions: reversible CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen production. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of electron bifurcation, including both recent progress and outstanding questions in understanding and developing artificial electron bifurcation systems.

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