Journal
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
Volume 335, Issue -, Pages 276-286Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.11.030
Keywords
Heterojunction; Energy states; Charge transfer process; Photocatalytic activity; Electrochemical characterization
Categories
Funding
- CONACYT scholarship CVU [506795]
- Office of Science, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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In this paper, ZrO2-TiO2 composites were synthesized by sol-gel method with different ZrO2:TiO2 molar ratios (01:99, 05:95 and 10:90). The results identified two trends; at a low ZrO2 content, the incorporation of Zr4+ into the TiO2 lattice was possible provoking generation of oxygen vacancies (1 mol% of ZrO2); while at higher ZrO2 contents, ZrO2-TiO2 heterojunctions were created (5 and 10 mol% of ZrO2). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring photodegradation of phenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 4-chlorophenol solutions. The ZT-5 composite shows the best performance attributed to surface states at the interface of ZrO2-TiO2 heterojunctions. These surface states act as traps for charge carriers favoring the spatial separation of electron-hole pairs until reaching a maximum in the composite with 5 mol% of ZrO2. The ZT-5 composite showed the most negative flat band potential and the highest donor density indicating that these surface states are in optimal concentration. At higher ZrO2 contents, charge carrier separation is less effective, which decreases the photocatalytic activity. Nevertheless, the molecule structure has an impact on the direct or indirect charge transfer process as was evidenced by EIS measurements. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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