Journal
JOULE
Volume 3, Issue 10, Pages 2472-2484Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.005
Keywords
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Funding
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E), US Department of Energy [DE-AR0000805]
- National Science Foundation CAREER program [CBET-1744586]
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Alternative carbon-neutral synthetic fuels are needed to decarbonize the transportation sector, bridging the gap between batteries and biofuels. Herein, we analyze the economics of hydrogen-, nitrogen-, and carbon-based fuels made by carbon-neutral pathways in a post-fossil world where only water, air, and renewable electricity are available for fuel synthesis. We find that ammonia has the lowest source-to-tank energy cost by a significant margin. With this technoeconomic analysis as motivation, we demonstrate a direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) prototype with a peak power density of 135 mW cm(-2) The DAFC employs an ammonia-tolerant precious-metal-free cathode catalyst and a high-temperature-stable hydroxide exchange membrane.
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