Journal
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
Volume 1, Issue 10, Pages 2649-2658Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00566
Keywords
electroactive; ionic liquid; PVDF; smart materials; tissue engineering
Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/FIS/04650/2019, UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569), UID/BIO/04469/2019]
- Fundacio para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)
- ERDF through the COMPETE2020 -Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI)
- FCT [SFRH/BD/148655/2019, SERH/BPD/121S26/2016, SFRH/BD/111478/2015]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R]
- Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK program
- Basque Government Education Department under the ELKARTEK program
- Basque Government Industry Department under the HAZITEK program
- Basque Government Education Department under the HAZITEK program
- Basque Government Industry Department under the PIBA program [PIBA-2018-06]
- Basque Government Education Department under the PIBA program [PIBA-2018-06]
- [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028237]
- [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028159]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/148655/2019, SFRH/BD/111478/2015] Funding Source: FCT
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As an electromechanically active tissue, muscle regeneration takes advantage of active scaffolds providing mechanoelectrical stimuli and a biomimetic microenvironment. Thus, this study reports on the preparation of ionic electroactive materials based on ionic liquids (ILs) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). IL/PVDF composites with 10, 20, and 40% wt. of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmirn][Cl] and 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate [Ch] [DHP] were prepared by solvent casting. It is shown that the inclusion of [Bmim] [Cl] and [Ch] [DHP] both improves the electrical conductivity and induces the PVDF crystallization in the polar beta-phase. Further, the introduction of the IL also influences the thermal stability of the composites. [Bmim][Cl]/PVDF composites show larger Young moduli and a larger increase of the electrical conductivity than the [Ch][DHP]/PVDF composites. It is also shown that [Bmim] [Cl] composites show a piezoresistive response, with gauge factors from 1 to 2.5, allowing them therefore to work as electromechanical sensors in biomechanical applications. The noncytotoxicity of the IL/PVDF composite films and C2C12 cell proliferation demonstrates the applicability of the composites as a suitable platform for muscle regeneration strategies.
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