Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Volume 40, Issue 8, Pages 931-946Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/job.2399
Keywords
emotional control; emotional exhaustion; self-blame; supportive behaviors; workplace incivility
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Fund of China [31400905, 91324201]
- Foundation of Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health [Z151100001615053]
- Beijing Positive Psychology Foundation [0020344]
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Drawing from the social cognitive theory of self-regulation, we develop a model linking experienced incivility to emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self-blame, with observed incivility experienced by coworkers as a first-stage moderator and trait emotional control as a second-stage moderator. We contend that employees will experience self-blame if they perceive themselves to be distinct targets of incivility (i.e., observed incivility experienced by others is low). Self-blame can potentially trigger prosocial responses for improving the situation, but self-blaming targets rarely respond in a prosocial manner because rational attempts to do so are thwarted by deleterious negative emotions accompanying self-blame. We argue that trait emotional control provides resources for managing these negative emotions to unleash a bright side of self-blame, such that the relation of self-blame with prosocial responses (i.e., being supportive to coworkers) will be more positive and the relation of self-blame with emotional exhaustion will be less positive for individuals with high (vs. low) trait emotional control. Multiwave data collected from a sample of 220 police officers largely support our hypotheses, indicating that the indirect relation of experienced incivility with supportive behaviors via self-blame is strongest at lower levels of observed incivility and higher levels of emotional control.
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