Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
Volume 34, Issue 11, Pages 1948-1956Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4857
Keywords
biomarkers; concussion; diagnosis; microRNAs; prognosis; traumatic brain injury
Funding
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- Midlands Neuroscience Training and Research Fund
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18986] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/N019016/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/N019016/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in people younger than 45 in Western countries. Despite many studies, no reliable biomarkers have been found to assess TBI severity and predict recovery. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling has become widely used to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Through use of the TaqMan Array Human MicroRNA A+B Cards, the expression of 754 miRNAs was analyzed in serum of five mild TBI (mTBI) patients with extra-cranial injury (EC), five severe TBI (sTBI) patients with EC, and five healthy volunteers (HV) at 1 day and 15 days post-injury. The aim was to find candidate biomarkers able to discriminate between mTBI and sTBI. Following this, it was possible to select 10 miRNAs for further study in an enlarged validation cohort of 120 patients by using single TaqMan assays at the following time-points: T0-1 h, T4-12 h, T48-72 h, and 15 days from the injury. Analysis revealed two miRNAs (miR-425-5p and miR-502) that were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in mTBI at early time-points and are ideal candidates for diagnosis of mTBI, and two miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-335) that were significantly upregulated (p < 0.01) and are valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of sTBI. In addition, miR-425-5p was a strong predictor of 6-month outcome at T0-1 h and T4-12 h, while miR-21 was predictive of the outcome at T4-12 h. The panel of selected miRNAs shows promise as biomarkers to discriminate mTBI from sTBI. In addition, the selected miRNAs represent new potential therapeutic targets.
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