Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 6-12Publisher
AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16030043
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Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [1UO1NS086659-01, R01NS078337, R56NS078337]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-13-2-0064]
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Veterans Affairs Biorepository [CSP 501]
- National Institute of Aging Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center [P30AG13846, 0572063345-5]
- Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Alzheimer's Research Program (DoD-PRARP) [13267017]
- National Institute of Aging Boston University Framingham Heart Study [R01AG1649]
- National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment and the Concussion Legacy Foundation
- Andlinger Foundation
- WWE
- NFL
- National Institutes of Health [1F32NS096803-01]
- Johnson & Johnson (New Brunswick, N.J.)/Janssen Research & Development, LLC (Raritan, N.J.)
- Rebiscan, Inc. (Cambridge, Mass.)
- Ivivi Health Sciences
- Mackey-White Committee
- NFL Players Association
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Philadelphia)
- Athena Diagnostics/Quest Laboratories (Marlborough, Mass.)
- Amarantus BioScience Holdings, Inc. (San Francisco)
- Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Aliso Viejo, Calif.)
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This study conducted a preliminary examination on cognitive reserve (CR) as a modifier of symptom expression in subjects with autopsy-confirmed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The sample included 25 former professional football players neuropathologically diagnosed with CTE stage III or IV. Next of kin interviews ascertained age at cognitive and behavioral/mood symptom onset and demographic/athletic characteristics. Years of education and occupational attainment defined CR. High occupational achievement predicted later age at cognitive (p=0.02) and behavioral/mood (p=0.02) onset. Education was not an individual predictor. These preliminary findings suggest that CR may forestall the clinical manifestation of CTE.
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