Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 306, Issue -, Pages 1-10Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.002
Keywords
Exosomes; Multiple sclerosis; Pathogenesis; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Immune system
Categories
Funding
- National Science Centre of Poland [MAESTRO 2012/04/A/NZ6/00423, PRELUDIUM 2014/13/N/NZ6/03510, OPUS 2015/19/B/NZ6/02834]
- Polish-Swiss Research Programme [PSPB 007/2012]
- Polish National Center for Research and Development [STRATEGMED1/248672/14/MCBR/2015]
- ERA-NET NEURON Cofund - JTC
- Medical University of Lodz [502-03/1-033-01/502-14-225]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG 1001K11]
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a putative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which autoreactive immune cells recognizing myelin antigens lead to demyelination and axonal injury. Mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of MS have not been fully elucidated, particularly those underlying initiation of immune system dysfunction. For example, it is not known how reactivity against CNS components is generated within the peripheral immune system. In this review, we propose that a significant contribution to the immunoregulatory events may derive from a cell-to-cell communication system involving the production, secretion and transfer of extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Herein, we discuss in detail the biogenesis and roles of these cell surface-generated vesicles from the standpoint of receptors and their cargo, microRNA. It is well known that exosomes can cross the blood brain barrier and thus may contribute to the spread of brain antigens to the periphery. Further understanding of exosome-dependent mechanisms in MS should provide a novel angle to the analysis of the pathogenesis of this disease. Finally, we launch the idea that exosomes and their contents may serve as biomarkers in MS. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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