Journal
JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE
Volume 205, Issue 3, Pages 203-206Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000583
Keywords
Bipolar disorder; psychosocial functioning; neuroprogression; staging; long term
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Funding
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
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The aim of this study was to assess the long-term functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). At baseline and after a follow-up period of at least 48 months, three measures of functioning were administered: psychosocial functioning (GAF), employment status (full-time, part-time, and unemployment/ disability), and a self-reported measure of functional recovery. At baseline, patients with more than five previous affective episodes exhibited poorer outcomes on all measures of functioning than patients with less than five previous episodes. However, along a mean follow-up period of 77 months, measures of functioning tended to remain stable or improved slightly. These results highlight the limitation of studies comparing measures of functioning between patients with many and few episodes to evaluate functional outcome. Likewise, these preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that functional outcome deteriorates over the course of BD.
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