Phase behavior of water-mediated protic ionic liquid: Ethylammonium nitrate

In pure ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), which is a protic ionic liquid (pIL), multiple crystallization pathways are extracted by simultaneous X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Multiple pathways for crystallization are selected by minimum temperatures in a pure EAN crystal. In an EAN - water system, phase equilibria are determined precisely by in situ observations made by using simultaneous measurements. Electrochemical instabilities induced by proton transfer are observed at 70 < 90 mol% H2O [Chem. Phys. 475 (2016) 119.]. Complicated phase diagrams indicate water-mediated anomalies as a crossover point from pIL-dominant to water-dominant regions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.