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Obesity-induced asthma: Role of free fatty acid receptors

Journal

JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW
Volume 55, Issue 1, Pages 103-107

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.07.002

Keywords

Asthma; Obesity; Free fatty acid receptor; Airway smooth muscle

Funding

  1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [24689072, 26560376]
  2. Takeda Science Foundation
  3. Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation
  4. National Institutes of Health [GM065281, HL122340]
  5. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26560376, 24689072] Funding Source: KAKEN

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Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of asthma, and worsens the key features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and airway remodeling. Although pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma in obesity, the mechanistic basis for the relationship between asthma and obesity remains unclear. In obese individuals, the increased amount of adipose tissue results in the release of more long-chain free fatty acids as compared to lean individuals, causing an elevation in plasma long-chain free fatty acid concentrations. Recent findings suggest that the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which is a sensor of medium- and long-chain free fatty acids, is expressed on airway smooth muscle and plays a pivotal role in airway contraction and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. In contrast, FFAR4, which is a sensor for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and also expressed on airway smooth muscle, does not contribute to airway contraction and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Functional roles for short-chain fatty acid receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3 in the pathogenesis of asthma is still under debate. Taken together, adipose-derived long-chain free fatty acids may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma in obesity through FFAR1. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Japanese Association for Dental Science.

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