Development of double layered emulsion droplets with pectin/β-lactoglobulin complex for bioactive delivery purposes

The objective of the present study was to load piroxicam (PX) into multi-layered oil in water emulsions stabilized by [beta-lactoglobulin ((beta-Lg)/pectin complexes. A primary emulsion was produced by homogenizing the sunflower oil contains PX in (beta-Lg solution (at pH = 3.5). Then, the emulsion droplets were stabilized further by coating with pectin as a secondary layer. Four different pectin types including low-methoxyl sunflower pectin (LMSP), highmethoxyl apple pectin (HMAP), high-methoxyl citrus pectin (HMCP), and low-methoxyl citrus pectin (LMCP) were applied for production of double layered emulsion droplets. The entrapping efficiency of PX (%), creaming stability, and mean droplet size (D-43) of emulsions were measured. Also, the release trends of PX were determined and fitted with experimental models of zero order, Higuthi, and Pepass. Our results revealed that the emulsions stabilized by S-Lg/high-methoxyl apple and citrus pectins with NaCI had a higher creaming stability and more loading capacity of PX compared to stabilized emulsions by beta-Lg/pectin without NaCl. The mean droplet size (D-43) of double layered emulsions was increased at higher pectin fraction and were decreased by lower beta-1g fraction. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.