Journal
PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 259-269Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz022
Keywords
NASA; spaceflight; International Space Station; NASA Twin Study; multi-scale omics
Categories
Funding
- Starr Cancer Consortium [I9-A9-071]
- Irma T. Hirschl Charitable Trust
- Monique Weill-Caulier Charitable Trust
- Bert L and N Kuggie Vallee Foundation
- WorldQuant Foundation
- Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance, NASA [NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G]
- National Institutes of Health [R25EB020393, R01NS076465, R01AI125416, R01ES021006, 1R21AI129851, P01HD067244, 1R01MH117406]
- TRISH [NNX16AO69A:0107, NNX16AO69A:0061]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1151054]
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) grants [LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL-982]
- NSF [1840275]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [G-2015-13964]
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1840275] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular, cellular, and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hematological, immunological, ocular, and neurological systems. The Twin Study, a multi-year, multi-omic study of human response to spaceflight, provided detailed and comprehensive molecular and cellular maps of the human response to radiation, microgravity, isolation, and stress. These rich data identified epigenetic, gene expression, inflammatory, and metabolic responses to spaceflight, facilitating a better biomedical roadmap of features that should be monitored and safe-guarded in upcoming missions. Further, by exploring new developments in pre-clinical models and clinical trials, we can begin to design potential cellular interventions for exploration-class missions to Mars and potentially farther. This paper will discuss the overall risks astronauts face during spaceflight, what is currently known about human response to these risks, what pharmaceutical interventions exist for use in space, and which tools of precision medicine and cellular engineering could be applied to aerospace and astronaut medicine.
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