Journal
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
Volume 532, Issue -, Pages 58-67Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.03.013
Keywords
Proton exchange membranes; Vanadium redox flow battery; Polysulfone; Conductivity; Heck reaction
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Funding
- NSF-funded TN-SCORE program [NSF EPS-1004083]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-AOP at ORNL
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Polysulfone (PSU) based Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs) were synthesized from different pre-sulfonated monomers and evaluated for use in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Two types of sulfonated monomers, containing either an allyl sulfonate or styrene sulfonate group, were synthesized by a Mizoroki-Heck reaction from a 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone derivative. These monomers were polymerized with 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol to give partially fluorinated PSUs with controlled placement and content of sulfuric acid moieties. PEMs were then fabricated by solution casting and characterized against the membranes made from traditional backbone sulfonated PSU. The new PEMs revealed desirable physical properties and performance in a VRFB cell competitive with the Nafion membrane. Furthermore, each PEM with a different acid side-chain structure exhibited varying properties and performance depending on its acid content, providing a path to optimization.
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