Journal
EFORT OPEN REVIEWS
Volume 4, Issue 10, Pages 585-594Publisher
BRITISH EDITORIAL SOC BONE & JOINT SURGERY
DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180067
Keywords
alpha-defensin; culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection; Dithiothreitol; interleukin 6; leucocyte esterase; next generation sequencing; polymerase chain reaction; sonication
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Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (CN-PJI) pose a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. The reported incidence of CN-PJI is reported to be between 7% and 15%. Fungi and mycobacterium are thought to be responsible for over 85% of such cases with more fastidious bacteria accounting for the rest. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing, identifying the causative organism(s) may become easier but such techniques are not readily available and are very costly. There are a number of more straightforward and relatively low-cost methods to help surgeons maximize the chances of diagnosing a PJI and identify the organisms responsible. This review article summarizes the main diagnostic tests currently available as well as providing a simple diagnostic clinical algorithm for CN-PJI.
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